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GLOSS.DOC
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GLOSSARY
APOCRYPHA. Books in the Catholic Old Testament that are not
included in most Protestant Bibles.
AUTOGRAPHS. An actual writing from an author (or his
secretary) of a book of the Bible.
CANON. Books of the Bible officially accepted by the Church.
CODEX. A bound book, in contrast to a roll or scroll.
CONSERVATIVE. One who believes the basic or fundamental
doctrines of the Bible.
CRITICISM, HIGHER. The scholarly study that attempts to
determine the authorship, background, and destination of
biblical writings.
CRITICISM, LOWER. Also called Textual Criticism. The
Scholarly study that attempts to establish the original
text.
ILLUMINATION. The process by which God enlightens or gives
understanding of the revelation of God in the Bible.
INERRANT. The view of the Bible that sees it as being with-
out error. This includes both historical and scientific
truth.
INFALLIBLE. The view of the divine aspect of the Bible that
sees it as God-backed and unbreakable truth.
INSPIRATION. The view of the Bible as being revelation of
truth from God, and a belief that the whole process of
writing was superintended by the Holy Spirit.
INSPIRATION, PLENARY. The view that all of the Bible is
inspired.
INSPIRATION, VERBAL. The view that even the choice of words
that human writers used in the Bible were guided by God.
INSPIRATION, DYNAMIC. The view that God guided the writers
within their own styles of writing, yet insuring that
they recorded all the truth God wanted them to
communicate without error.
KOINE GREEK. The common Greek, as spoken during the time of
Christ. The New Testament was written in Koine Greek.
LIBERAL. One who denies some of the basic truths of
Christianity.
MANUSCRIPT. A handwritten copy of a book. Abbreviated MS.
(Plural is MSS).
MANUSCRIPT, MINUSCULE. Greek manuscript, handwritten in
small letters, commonly in cursive, used in the ninth-
fifteenth centuries.
MANUSCRIPT, UNCIAL. Greek manuscript, hand printed in large
letters, used in the fourth-ninth centuries.
PAPYRUS. Ancient "paper" made from the pith of a plant
that grew in the marshes of Egypt.
PARCHMENT. An ancient writing material made from the skins
of goats or sheep.
PENTATEUCH. The first five books of the Bible authored by
Moses.
REVELATION. As it applies to this booklet, the belief that
the truth in the Bible was revealed by God.
SEPTUAGINT. A Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament
made about 250-150 BC. Also represented by "LXX."
TARGUMS. Aramaic paraphrases of the Old Testament.
TEXT. Sometimes called a Critical Text. A "reconstructed
autograph" of the Old Testament or New Testament through
the science of textual criticism.
TEXT, ECLECTIC. A text formed by the translators when they
choose variant readings of Greek manuscripts while
translating.
TEXTUAL CRITICISM. See CRITICISM, LOWER.
TEXTUS RECEPTUS. The "Received Text" underlying the New
Testament of the King James Version. Erasmus edited this
text quickly from Greek manuscripts he had at hand.
TEXT, MASORETIC. Hebrew text of the Old Testament edited by
the Masoretes, Jewish textual scribes of the fifth
through ninth centuries AD, who standardized the text.
TORAH. The English transliteration of the Hebrew word for
"Law." It often refers to the Pentateuch.
TRANSLATION, DYNAMIC EQUIVALENT. A translation that seeks to
evoke the same reaction in the new reader that the
original text did in the original reader. (Nida).
TRANSLATION, LITERAL. A word-for-word translation of the
Bible.
TRANSLATION, PARAPHRASE. A meaning-for-meaning translation
of the Bible.
TRANSLATION, COMMITTEE. A translation done by a committee.
The translation is usually called a version.
TRANSLATION, PRIVATE. A translation done by an individual.
TRANSLITERATION. A letter-for-letter or sound-for-letter
spelling of a word to represent a word in another
language.
TRANSMISSION. The process by which biblical manuscripts are
accurately passed down through history.
VELLUM. A high quality writing material in ancient times,
usually made from the skins of calves or antelopes.
VERSION. A translation of the Old or New Testaments usually
made by a committee.
VULGATE. Latin translation of the Bible made in the fourth
century.
END